EEPROM With bulk zero program capability

ABSTRACT

An EEPROM which can erase an array of memory cells to all &#34;1&#34;s is capable of causing all of the cells of the array to assume all &#34;0&#34;s, also. The array of memory cells is arranged with one of said memory elements at the intersection of each of a plurality of rows and columns. The memory elements are characterized as assuming relatively high threshold voltage states in response to an erase voltage and relatively low threshold voltage states in response to a program voltage. All columns and rows are selected in order to apply the program voltage to all of the memory elements.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

Related subject matter is disclosed in the following related applications filed simultaneously herewith and assigned to the assignee hereof:

1. U.S. patent application No. 305,830 entitled "Memory With Permanent Array Division Capability."

2. U.S. patent application No. 306,120 entitled "Column and Row Erasable EEPROM." Related subject matter is also disclosed in related U.S. application No. 342,040 entitled "Sense Amplifier," filed Jan. 25 1982, and assigned to the assignee hereof.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to electrically erasable programmable read only memories (EEPROMs), and more particularly, to EEPROMs having a bulk zero capability.

BACKGROUND ART

In EEPROMs using floating gate memory cells, a memory cell is either in a low threshold voltage state or a high threshold voltage state. Typically, the low threshold voltage state is a zero or programmed state whereas the high threshold voltage state, is a one or erased state. Accordingly, the noise margin between a zero and a one is the difference between the low threshold voltage and the high threshold voltage. It has been discovered that this noise margin tends to improve as the memory cell is cycled between a zero and a one. The number of cycles for which improvement is obtained varies with the process involved, but typically range between 10 and 20. The noise margin remains essentially constant thereafter until a significantly greater number of cycles has occurred. The point at which degradation begins is also process dependent, but is typically about 10,000 times.

It is desirable from both the users' and the manfacturers' viewpoint to work with an EEPROM having substantially constant noise margin. In the prior art, however, there was no convenient way to cycle all of the cells in the array between a zero and a one. Typically, an entire array could be erased to the one state in a single operation but the zero state could be obtained by programming one word location, e.g., eight memory cells, at a time. Consequently, thousands of operations are required in order to cycle all of the cells in the array between a zero and a one a single time.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An EEPROM having bulk zero capability, i.e., the capability of causing all of the memory cells to assume a zero state in a single operation, is disclosed. This capability allows for efficiently alternating all of the memory cells in the array between a zero and a one. The EEPROM has an array of memory elements arranged with one of said memory elements at the intersection of each of a plurality of rows and columns of said array, said memory elements characterized as assuming relatively high threshold voltage states in response to a selectively applied erase voltage and a relatively low threshold voltage state in response to a selectively applied program voltage. Also included is circuitry which, in response to an array program input signal, applies the program voltage to all of the memory elements in said array, whereby all of said memory elements assume the relatively low threshold voltage state. Additionally, circuitry is provided, which in response to an array erase signal, applies the erase voltage to all of the memory elements of the cell array, whereby all of said memory elements assume the relatively high threshold voltage state. A method of alternating all of the memory elements of said array between the relatively low and high threshold voltages by alternately applying the array program and array erase signals is thus possible.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an EEPROM according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a buffer and signal generator.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a write enable signal buffer and generator.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a chip select signal buffer and generator.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a row and column control signals generator.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an output enable signal generator.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a high voltage logic signal generator.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a high voltage control signal generator.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a data high signal generator.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a program enable signal generator.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an erase signal generator.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a source voltage generator.

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a column address buffer.

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a row address buffer.

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of an array section select buffer and generator.

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a programmable address buffer.

FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a row decoder. FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a column decoder,

FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of level-shifted data signal generator.

FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of a sense amplifier.

FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of an array structure.

DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Shown in block diagram form in FIG. 1 is an electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM) 10 constructed in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention. In the illustrated form, EEPROM 10 is comprised generally of a chip enable (CE) buffer 12, a write signal (W) buffer 14, a chip select (G) buffer 16, a row enable/column enable signal (CE_(R) CE_(C)) generator 18, control logic 20, an X buffer and array divider 22, an X buffer 24, a Y buffer 26, an array section select buffer 28, a high voltage control signal (V_(PH)) generator 30, an X decoder 32, a Y decoder 34, a cell array 36, a Y gate 38, an array section gate 40, a data input buffer 42, and a sense amplifier 44. In the illustrated form, cell array 36 is comprised of 32,768 bits arranged as 128 rows by 32 columns of 8-bit word locations for a total storage capacity of 4096 8-bit data words. In the preferred embodiment, each of the cells in the cell array 36 is initially erased to a logical one state. Thereafter, individual cells comprising particular words may be selectively programmed to a logical zero state. When desired, the cells may be again erased to the logical one state.

In the preferred embodiment, EEPROM 10 is capable of operating in any of the following modes: a standby mode, a read mode, a word program mode, a bulk zero program mode, first and second word erase modes, a column erase mode, a row erase mode, and an array erase mode. In general, the operating mode of EEPROM 10 is determined by one or more of the following input signals: a chip enable signal E, a high voltage signal V_(PP), a write enable signal W, a bulk zero signal CT1, a chip select signal G, row address signals A_(x), column address signals A_(y), and data signals D_(n). In the illustrated form, column address signals A_(y) are A₀ -A₄, row address signals A_(x) are A₅ -A₁₁ and data signals D_(n) are D₀ -D₇. In response to the input signals, internal control signals are typically asserted as either active hgh or active low. For simplicity, however, the following functional description of the EEPROM 10 will describe the functions of the internal control signals without regard to whether the signals are actually active high or active low.

The EEPROM 10 will operate in the standby mode when E is high. In this mode, all other inputs are irrelevant. In response to E being high, chip enable buffer 12 negates internal chip enable signal CE to CE_(R) /CE_(C) generator 18 indicating that EEPROM 10 is to be in the standby mode. CE_(R) /CE_(C) generator 18 in turn negates a row enable signal CE_(R) which disables X buffer and array divider 22 and X buffer 24. CE_(R) /CE_(C) generator 18 also negates a column enable signal CE_(C) which disables Y buffer 26 and array section select buffer 28. In response to negated internal chip enable signal CE, X decoder 32 keeps all of the rows disabled regardless of address input. In contrast, in response to negated internal chip enable signal CE and to signals provided by disabled Y buffer 26 and array section select buffer 28, all columns of words are selected. Y decoder 34, in response to signals provided by disabled Y buffer 26 and to negated internal control signal CE, asserts column decoder signals to Y gate 38, causing Y gate 38 to couple all columns of words to array section gate 40. Array section gate 40, in response to signals asserted by otherwise disabled array section select buffer 28, couples all of the columns of words to sense amplifier 44 for precharging. Also in response to negated internal chip enable signal CE, all outputs of sense amplifier 44 are disabled to establish a high impedance output on data I/O lines 46.

The EEPROM 10 will operate in the word program mode when E is low, G is high, W is low CT1 is low or floating, and V_(PP) is in a program state of the order of 20.0-22.0 volts. In the preferred form, cell array 36 has two sections comprising respective halves of the cell array 36. Y gate 38 has 2 sections, each of which couples a respective one of the sections of cell array 36 to a corresponding section of array section gate 40. In response to receiving address signals A₀ -A₃ via Y buffer 26, Y decoder 34 asserts a column decoder signal to Y gate 38 to couple 2 columns of words, one from each section of cell array 36, to corresponding sections of array section gate 40. In response to address signal A₄, array section select buffer 28 asserts a buffered A₄ signal to array section gate 40 for coupling a particular one of the sections of Y gate 38 to data input buffer 42. In response to receiving address signals A₅ -A₁₁ via X buffer 24 and X buffer and array divider 22, X decoder 32 asserts a row decoder signal to the cell array 36 to enable a particular row of words, i.e. the corresponding word location in each of the columns of words of cell array 36. Thus, an 8-bit data word comprising data signals D₀ -D₇ is coupled via data input buffer 42 to each of the word locations in the selected column in cell array 36 but actually stored in only that particular word location in the selected column of words which is in the enabled row.

In the preferred form, data input buffer 42 level-shifts the voltage of the received data signals D₀ -D₇ to a voltage sufficient to program cells in cell array 36. Accordingly, the row decoder signal, the column decoder signal, and the buffered A₄ signal are similarly level shifted to an appropriate level using a high voltage control signal V_(PH) provided by V_(PH) generator 30 to X decoder 32, Y decoder 34, and array section select buffer 28. V_(PH) generator 30 provides high voltage control signal V_(PH) in response to a high voltage logic signal V_(PL) which is generated by control logic 20 in response to appropriate input signals.

The EEPROM 10 will operate in the read mode when E is low, G is low, W is high, and CT1 is low or floating. A data word stored in a particular word location is accessed by address inputs A₀ -A₁₁ in a manner similar to that for accessing a word location when EEPROM 10 is in the word program mode, except that in the read mode the data word stored in the accessed word location is coupled from cell array 36 to sense amplifier 44 via Y gate 38 and array section gate 40. In response to receiving the accessed data word, sense amplifier 44 provides the accessed data word on data I/O line 46 as data signals D₀ -D₇. In the read mode, a high voltage is not required on the row decoder, column decoder and the buffered A₄ signals. Accordingly, high voltage control signal V_(PH) is not provided by V_(PH) generator 30.

The EEPROM 10 will operate in the first word erase mode when E is low, G is high, V_(PP) is in the program state and CT1 is low or floating. In addition, write enable signal W must be in a state which is higher than a normal logic high, for example 8.0-22.0 volts. In this mode, a particular word location is accessed by address inputs A₀ -A₁₁ in a manner similar to that for accessing a word location when the EEPROM 10 is in the word program mode. One difference is that in the word program mode the 8-bits comprising a data word are coupled via respective bit-lines to corresponding cells at the accessed word location, whereas in the first word erase mode an erase signal EE_(HV) generated by control logic 20 on a separate erase line is coupled to each of the cells at the accessed word location via array section gate 40 and Y gate 38 to erase all cells at the word location to a logic one. In response to a negated program enable signal PE which is generated by control logic 20, data input buffer 42 is disabled and presents a high impedance to array section gate 40.

The EEPROM 10 will operate in the second word erase mode when E is low, G is high, W is low, V_(PP) is in the program state, and CT1 is low or floating. In addition, the data signals D₀ -D₇ must all be high. In this mode, the data input buffer 42 couples the data signals D₀ -D₇ to the control logic 20 where the all-high condition of data signals D₀ -D₇ is detected. In response to the all high condition of data signals D₀ -D₇ and to the other input signals, control logic 20 provides the EE_(HV) signal. Thereafter, the addressed word is erased in the same manner as in the first word erase mode.

The EEPROM 10 will operate in the column erase mode when E is low, G is higher than a normal logic high, W is high, V_(pp) is in the program state, the CT1 is low or floating. In this mode, the column of words to be erased is selected via address signals A₀ -A₄ in the same way as a column of words is selected in the word erase modes. However, instead of only one row being enabled, all of the rows are enabled by X decoder 32 so that all of the word locations in the selected column of words receive the erase signal EE_(HV). In particular, X buffer 24 and X buffer and array divider 22 are disabled from responding to address signals A₅ -A₁₁ and forced to provide steady state signals which cause X decoder 32 to select all of the rows, in response to negated row enable signal CE_(R) provided by CE_(R) /CE_(C) generator 18 in response to a negated row control signal C_(R) generated by control logic 20.

The EEPROM 10 will operate in the row erase mode when E is low, G is higher than a normal logic high, W is higher than a logic high, V_(pp) is in the program state, and CT1 is low or floating. In this mode, the single row to be erased is enabled in response to address signals A₅ -A₁₁ in the same manner as a row is enabled in the word erase modes. However, in this mode all of the columns of words are simultaneously selected as in the standby mode, so that the erase signal EE_(HV) is coupled to all of the word locations of the enabled row. One difference is that in the standby mode all bit-lines, 8-bit lines per column of words, are coupled to sense amplifier 44 for precharging, whereas in the row erase mode all of the erase lines, one for each column of words, are coupled to erase signal EE_(HV). Consequently, all word locations of the enabled row are erased to the logical one state.

The EEPROM 10 will operate within the array erase mode when E is low, G is higher than a normal logic high, W is low, V_(PP) is in the program state, and CT1 is low or floating. In this mode, all of the rows are enabled in the same manner as in the column erase mode and all of the columns are selected in the same manner as in the row erase mode. In particular, both the column control signal C_(C) and the row control signal C_(R) are generated by control logic 20, as is erase signal EE_(HV). With all of the columns of words selected and all of the rows enabled, erase signal EE_(HV) is simultaneously coupled to all of the cells in cell array 36, thereby erasing entire cell array 36 to the logical one state.

The EEPROM 10 will operate in the bulk zero mode when E is low, G is high, W is low, V_(PP) is in the program state, CT1 is high, and the data signals D₀ -D₇ are all low. In this mode, all of the rows and columns of words are enabled in the same manner as in the array erase mode. In addition, control logic 20 asserts program enable signal PE to enable data buffer 42. With all rows enabled, all columns of words selected, the data input buffer 42 enabled, and data signals D₀ -D₇ all low, a logic zero is programmed into every cell in cell array 36.

X buffer and array divider 22, in addition to buffering row address signals A₁₀ and A₁₁, can be used to reduce the number of word locations which are accessible to a user by one half or one fourth. A normal characteristic of decoders which receive binary address signals is that each individual address signal received causes narrowing of selection of a word location by one half, i.e., each logic state of each individual address signal corresponds to half of an array. Accordingly, providing an address signal, such as row address signal A₁₁, at a permanently selected logic state will cause only half of the word locations in cell array 36 to be accessible. By providing another address signal, such as row address signal A₁₀, at a permanently selected logic state, a further one half reduction in accessible word locations will occur so that only one fourth of the word locations of cell array 36 will be accessible. Thus, for example, if it is determined during manufacture of EEPROM 10 that one or more bad cells exist in a particular portion of cell array 36, that portion can be rendered permanently inaccessible. The EEPROM 10 may then be marketed as a 16K or 8K unit, as appropriate.

In the preferred embodiment, the simultaneous application of row address signal A₁₁ at a selected logic state and an array divider signal of approximately fifteen volts to a probe pad 46, will force X buffer and array divider 22 to thereafter internally generate buffered row address A₁₁ in the selected logic state, in those modes in which a single row is selected. Accordingly, only a selected one half of cell array 36 will be accessible to a user. Similarly, the simultaneous application of row address signal A₁₀ at a selected logic state and the array divider signal to probe pad 48 will force X buffer and array divider 22 to thereafter internally generate buffered address A₁₀ in the selected logic state in those modes in which a single row is selected. Accordingly, only a selected one fourth of cell array 36 will be accessible to the user.

Shown in FIG. 2 is chip enable buffer 12 and CE_(R) /CE_(C) generator 18. Chip enable buffer 12 generates internal chip enable signals CE and CE, with CE being the logical complement of the chip enable signal E and CE being the same logic state as chip enable signal E. CE_(R) /CE_(C) generator 18 generates row enable signal CE_(R) and column enable signal CE_(C) in a conventional manner in response to chip enable signal E, and to row control signal C_(R) and column control signal C_(C) generated by control logic 20. In the tables which accompany the circuit diagrams to facilitate understanding the relationships between inputs and outputs, "1"s and "0"s represent normal logic highs and lows, respectively, whereas "HH" represents an input signal which has a voltage higher than that of a normal logic high "1" and "HV" represents a high voltage which is at least sufficient to program a cell.

Shown in FIG. 3 is W buffer 14 which generates internal write enable signals W_(L), W_(L), W_(H), W_(H), W_(HH), and W_(HH) in response to write enable signal W and internal chip enable signal CE. The higher than a normal logic high signal HH is differentiated from a normal logic high in a conventional manner, by adjusting channel length to width ratios of the respective input and load transistors. High voltage logic signals V_(PL) and V_(PL) are used to enable a conventional latch so that the internal write enable signals can be held stable even if write enable signal W changes.

Shown in FIG. 4 is G buffer 16 which generates internal chip select signals G_(L), G_(L), G_(M), G_(M), W_(HH), and W_(HH) in the same manner as the W buffer provides the write enable signals.

Shown in FIG. 5 is a row control signal and column control signal (C_(R) /C_(C)) generator 510 which generates row control signal C_(R) and column control signal C_(C) in response to chip enable signals CE and CE; internal write enable signals W_(L), W_(H), and W_(HH) ; internal chip select signal G_(H) ; bulk zero signal CT1; and high voltage logic signal V_(PL). Row control signal C_(R) is high during the array erase, bulk zero, and row erase modes. C_(R) / C_(C) generator 510 is a portion of control logic 20 shown in FIG. 1.

Shown in FIG. 6 is output enable generator 610 which generates output enable signals CS and CS in response to chip select signal G and internal chip enble signal CE. High voltage logic signal V_(PL) is used to enable a conventional latch so that output enable signals CS and CS can be held stable with changes in chip select signal G. Output enable generator 610 is a portion of control logic 20 shown in FIG. 1.

Shown in FIG. 7 is high voltage logic signal (V_(PL)) generator 710 which generates high voltage logic signals V_(PL) and V_(PL) in response to high voltage signal V_(PP), internal chip enable signals CE and CE, internal chip select signals G_(L) and G_(H), and internal write enable signal W_(H). Internal high voltage supply V_(PPI) is also provided via a current limiting resistor 712 which is connected between a high voltage signal terminal 714 and an internal high voltage supply terminal 716. Voltage protection for the circuitry of the EEPROM 10 is provided by an IGFET 718 having the gate thereof connected to ground and the drain and source thereof connected to high voltage supply terminal 716. High voltage logic signal V_(PL) is high during the word program, bulk zero program, row erase, column erase, first and second word erase, and array erase modes. High voltage logic signal generator 710 is a portion of control logic 20 of FIG. 1.

Shown in FIG. 8 is V_(PH) generator 30 which generates high voltage control signal V_(PH) in response to high voltage logic signals V_(PL) and V_(PL). High voltage control signal V_(PH) is capacitively boosted several volts above internal high voltage supply V_(PPI) when V_(PL) is high. High voltage control signal V_(PH) is low when high voltage logic signal V_(PL) is low.

Shown in FIG. 9 is a data high signal generator 910 which generates a data high signal DH in response to inverted data signals D₀ -D₇ and internal chip enable signal CE. Data high signal DH is high when all data signals D₀ -D₇ are high. Data high signal generator 910 is a portion of control logic 20 of FIG. 1.

Shown in FIG. 10 is a program enable signal generator 1010 which generates program enable signal PE in response to data high signal DH, internal write enable signal W_(L), internal chip select signal G_(H), internal chip enable signal CE, and high voltage logic signal V_(PL). Program enable signal PE is high during the first word program and bulk zero program modes.

Shown in FIG. 11 is an erase signal generator 1110 which provides erase signals EE_(HV) and EE in response to internal chip enable signal CE; internal chip select signals G_(H) and G_(HH) ; data high signal DH; write enable signals W_(L) and W_(HH) ; high control signal V_(PH) ; and high voltage logic signal V_(PL). Erase signal EE_(HV) is at a voltage which is only a neglible amount below the voltage of internal high voltage supply V_(PPI) during the first and second word erase, row erase, column erase, and array erase modes. Erase signal generator 1110 is a portion of control logic 20 of FIG. 1.

Shown in FIG. 12 is a source voltage generator 1210 which generates source voltage S in response to bulk zero signal CT1, program enable signal PE, high voltage logic signal V_(PL), high voltage control signal V_(PH), and internal chip enable CE. Source voltage S is at a voltage only a negligible amount above ground during the standby, read, first and second word erase, row erase, column erase, and array erase modes. Source voltage S is at a voltage only a negligible amount below the voltage of positive power supply V_(DD) during the word program mode. Source voltage S is at a high impedance during the bulk zero program mode.

Shown in FIG. 13 is a typical column address buffer circuit 1310 which generates buffered column address signals BA_(n) and BA_(n) in response to a column address signal A_(N) and column enable signal CE_(C). When column enable signal CE_(C) is low, both buffered column enable signals BA_(N) and BA_(n) are also low. When column enable signal CE_(C) is high, buffered column address signal BA_(n) is the same logic state as that of column address signal A_(n) and buffered column address BA_(n) is the opposite logic state of that of column address signal A_(n). High voltage logic signals V_(PL) and V_(PL) enable a conventional latch so that the buffered column address signals can be held stable even if column address signal A_(n) changes. Y buffer 26 of FIG. 1 comprises 4 column address buffer circuits 1310 which provide buffered column address signals BA₀₋₃ and BA0₋₃ in response to column address signals A₀₋₃.

Shown in FIG. 14 is a typical row address buffer circuit 1410 which is substantially the same circuit as column address buffer circuit 1310 of FIG. 13. X buffer 24 of FIG. 1 comprises 5 row address buffer circuits 1410 which provide buffered row address signals BA₅₋₉ and BA₅₋₉ in response to row address signals A₅₋₉ and row enable signal CE_(R) in the manner described for Y buffer 26 of FIG. 1.

Shown in FIG. 15 is array section select buffer 28 of FIG. 1 which generates buffered signals BA₄ and B_(A4) in response to column address signal A₄ and column enable signal CE_(C). One of BA₄ and BA₄ is selectively provided at a voltage level which is only a negligible amound below the voltage of internal high voltage supply V_(PPI) during the first and second erase, word program, and column erase modes. In response to column enable signal CE_(C) being low, both buffered A₄ signals BA₄ and BA₄ are at the voltage level which is only a negligible amount below the voltage of internal power supply V_(PPI) during row erase, array erase, and bulk zero modes, and are at a logic high during standby mode. One of buffered A₄ signals BA₄ and BA₄ is selectively high with the other low during the read mode. High voltage logic signals V_(PL) and V_(PL) enable a conventional latch so that the buffered A₄ signals can be held stable with changes of column address signal A₄.

Shown in FIG. 16 is a buffer and array divider circuit 1610 which generates, in the absence of being programmed, a buffered address signal output in the same manner as column address buffer 1410 of FIG. 14. Buffer and array divider circuit 1610 is depicted with row address signal A₁₁ as an input with buffered row address signals BA₁₁ and BA₁₁ as outputs. Buffer and array divider circuit 1610, along with a similar programmable buffer circuit which provides buffered row address signals BA₁₀ and BA₁₀ in response to row address signal A₁₀, comprise X buffer and array divider 22 of FIG. 1. Buffer and array divider circuit 1610 is comprised generally of a buffer section 1612 and a programmable divider section 1614. Programmable divider section 1614 is coupled to buffer section 1612 by lines 1616, 1618, and 1620. In the absence of being programmed, programmable divider section 1614 will hold lines 1618 and 1620 to a logic low resulting in buffer and array divider circuit 1610 operating in the same manner as column address buffer 1410 of FIG. 14. If line 1618 is programmed to be a logic high, with line 1620 remaining low, buffered row address signal BA₁₁ will be held to a logic low and buffered row address signal BA₁₁ will be held to a logic high except when row enable signal CE_(R) is low. If line 1620 is programmed to be a logic high, with line 1618 remaining a logic low, buffered column address signal BA₁₁ will be held to a logic low and buffered column address BA₁₁ will be at a logic high except when row enable signal CE_(R) is a logic low in which case both buffered column address signals BA₁₁ and BA₁₁ will be a logic low. Line 1618 is programmed to be a logic high by applying a logic low on line 1616 and applying the array divider signal of approximately 15 volts to probe pad 46. The array divider signal is coupled to a polysilicon fuse 1622 which is consequently caused to be an open circuit. With polysilicon fuse 1622 an open circuit, line 1618 will always be a logic high. Consequently, so long as row enable signal CE_(R) is a logic high, buffered row address signal BA₁₁ will be a logic high and buffered row address signal BA₁₁ will be a logic low. Line 1620 is programmed to be a logic high by applying a high on line 1616 and applying the array divider signal to probe pad 46. The array divider signal is then coupled to a polysilicon resistor 1624 which is consequently caused to be an open circuit. With polysilicon fuse 1624 an open circuit, line 1620 will always be a logic high. Consequently, so long as row enable signal CE_(R) is a logic high, buffered row address signal BA₁₁ will be a logic low and buffered row address signal BA₁₁ will be a logic high. Row enable signal CE_(R) is a logic high in those modes in which a single row is to be selected. The buffer and array divider circuit for row address signal A₁₀ is programmed in the same way.

Shown in FIG. 17 is a row decoder circuit 1710, which generates a row decoder signal X in response to a unique combination of buffered new address signals BA₅₋₁₁ or BA₅₋₁₁. X decoder 32 of FIG. 1 comprises 128 row decoder circuits 1710, one for each row. A particular row address circuit 1710 is selected when all the inputs thereto are low. When selected, the row decoder circuit 1710 provides a respective row decoder signal X at a logic high during the read mode and at a voltage which is only a negligible amount below the voltage of internal high voltage supply V_(PPI) during the word program, bulk zero, first and second word erase, column erase, row erase and array erase modes. In the modes when row enable signal CE_(R) is low, all buffered row address signals are low which in turn selects all of the row address circuits of X decoder 32, thereby enabling all of the rows.

Shown in FIG. 18 is a column decoder circuit 1810 which generates a column decoder signal Y₀₋₁₅ in response to a unique combination of buffered column address signals BA₀₋₃ or BA₀₋₃. Y decoder 34 of FIG. 1 comprises 16 column decoder circuits 1810. Column decoder circuit 1810 operates the same as row decoder circuit 1710 except each column decoder circuit 1810 selects two columns of words whereas each row decoder circuit 1710 enables only a single row. A selected column decoder circuit 1810 causes Y gate 38 of FIG. 1 to couple two columns of words to array section gate 40. In the modes when column enable signal CE_(C) is a logic low, all buffered column address signals are a logic low thereby selecting all column decoder circuits of Y decoder 34 of FIG. 1.

Shown in FIG. 19 is a data input buffer circuit 1910 which generates a level-shifted data signal LD₀₋₇ in response to a corresponding data signal D₀₋₇. Data input buffer 42 comprises 8 data input buffer circuits 1910. The level-shifted data signal L_(D0-7) is, in the word program and bulk zero modes, inverted and level-shifted to be approximately zero volts in response to a logic high, and at a voltage which is only a negligible amount below the voltage of internal high voltage supply V_(PPI) in response to a logic low. A high impedance is provided in the other modes. In addition, inverted data signals D₀₋₇ are provided in response to data signals D₀₋₇. High voltage logic signals V_(PL) and V_(PL) enable a conventional latch so that level-shifted data signals LD₀₋₇ and inverted data signals LD₀₋₇ can be held stable with changes in data signals D₀₋₇.

Shown in FIG. 20 is a sense amplifier circuit 2010 for generating a data signal D₀₋₇ in response to an accessed cell input CD₀₋₇. Sense amplifier 44 of FIG. 1 comprises 8 sense amplifier circuits 2010. Output enable signals CS and CS enable sense amplifier circuits 2010 to generate data signals D₀₋₇ during the read mode only. A high impedance is provided during other modes to prevent sense amplifier 44 of FIG. 1 from interfering with data input buffer 42 of FIG. 1.

Shown in FIG. 21 is array organization structure 2110 comprising a portion of cell array 36, a portion of array section gate 38, and a portion of Y gate 40. Portions of word locations X₀ Y₀, X₁₂₇ Y₀, X₀ Y₁₅, and X₁₂₇ Y₁₅ are shown. These word locations are from the section of cell array 36 which is selected by buffered A₄ signal BA₄. The cells at the word locations can be conventional floating gate insulated gate field effect transistors having selectable threshold voltages, for example approximately 5.0 volts in an erased or logical one state and approximately -5.0 volts in a programmed or logical zero state. In the standby mode, all row decoder signals X₀₋₁₂₇ are at a logic low, all column decoder signals are at a logic high, and buffered A₄ signals BA₄ and BA₄ at a logic high. Consequently, no rows are enabled whereas all columns are coupled to sense amplifier 44 of FIG. 1 to be precharged. In the read mode, a word location to be accessed is selected by a particular row decoder signal among row decoder signals X₀₋₁₂₇ being at a logic high, a particular column decoder signal among column decoder signals X₀₋₁₅ being at a logic high, and one of buffered A₄ signals BA₄ and BA₄ being at a logic high. Consequently, the eight cells of a single word location are coupled to sense amplifier 44 of FIG. 1 as accessed cell input CD₀₋₇. In the word program mode, a word location is selected in a similar manner to the read mode except the particular decoder and buffered A₄ signals are provided at a voltage which is only a negligible amount below the voltage of internal high voltage supply V_(PPI) instead of at a logic high. Level-shifted data signals LD₀₋₇ are coupled to the cells of the selected word location for programming the selected word location. In the first and second word erase modes, a word location is selected in the same manner as in the word program mode. Erase signal EE_(HV) at a high voltage is coupled to the gates of the cells of the selected word location for erasing the selected word location. In the array erase mode all decoder and buffered A₄ signals are provided at a voltage which is only a negligible amount below the voltage of internal supply voltage V_(PPI) so that all word locations are selected. Erase signal EE_(HV) at a high voltage is coupled to the gates of the cells of all word locations for erasing all of the word locations. In the bulk zero mode all word locations are selected in the same way as in the array erase mode. A program signal is applied to all word locations from data input buffer 42 as level-shifted data signals LD₀₋₇ being at a voltage which is only a negligible amount below the voltage of internal supply voltage V_(PPI). Consequently the cells of all word locations are programmed to a logic low. In the row erase mode all columns are selected as in the array erase mode and a particular row is selected as in the first and second word erase modes. Erase signal EE_(HV) is coupled to the gates of the cells of all word locations along the selected row for erasing the entire row. In the column erase mode all rows are selected as in the array erase mode and a single column is selected as in the first and second word erase modes. Erase signal EE_(HV) is coupled to the gates of the cells of all word locations along the selected column for erasing the entire column.

While the invention has been described in a preferred embodiment it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the disclosed invention may be modified in numerous ways and may assume many embodiments other than that specifically set out and described above. Accordingly, it is intended by the appended claims to cover all modifications of the invention which fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention. 

I claim:
 1. An electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM) comprising:an array of memory elements arranged with one of said memory elements at the intersection of each of a plurality of row lines and column lines of said array, said memory elements characterized as assuming relatively high threshold voltage states in response to a selectively applied voltage having a first predetermined polarity, and a relatively low threshold voltage state in response to a selectively applied voltage having a second predetermined polarity; and circuit means for applying, in response to an array program input signal, to all of the memory elements in said array a voltage having said second predetermined polarity; whereby all of said memory elements assume the relatively low threshold voltage state.
 2. The EEPROM of claim 1 wherein said memory elements assume the relatively low threshold state in response to a predetermined potential difference of said second predetermined polarity developed between first and second portions thereof, the EEPROM further comprising:supply means for receiving first and second signals having the predetermined potential difference therebetween; and application means for applying said first signal to said first portion of each of the memory elements and for applying said second signal to said second portion of each of the memory elements in response to said array program input signal; whereby said predetermined potential difference is developed between said first and second portions of each of the memory elements.
 3. The EEPROM of claim 2 wherein the application means comprises:an erase line; logic means for generating, in response to the array program input signal, a row control signal and a column control signal at a first logic state; column select means for coupling the first signal to each of the column lines and for coupling the second signal to said erase lines when the column control signal is at the first logic state; and row select means for coupling said first portion of each memory element to a respective column line and for coupling said second portion of each memory element to said erase line when the row control signal is at the first logic state; p1 whereby the first signal is coupled to the first portion of each of the memory cells via the column lines and the second signal is coupled to the second portion of each of the memory cells via said erase line.
 4. The EEPROM of claim 3 wherein the column select means comprises:a plurality of column address buffer means, each column address buffer means providing two buffered column address signals, one true and one complementary, of an individual column address signal when the column control signal is at a second logic state, and providing both buffered column address signals at a predetermined logic state when the column control signal is at said first logic state; and column decoder means for coupling said first signal to each of the columns of said array and for coupling the second signal said erase line in response to all of the buffered column address signals of the plurality of column address means being at said predetermined logic state.
 5. The EEPROM of claim 4 wherein the row select means comprises:a plurality of row address buffer means, each row address buffer means providing two buffered row address signals, one true and one complementary, of an individual row address signal when the row control signal is at a second logic state, and providing both buffered row address signals at said predetermined logic state when the row control signal is at said first logic state; and row decoder means for coupling said first portion of each memory element to a respective column and for coupling said second portion of each memory element to said erase line in response to all of the row address signals of the plurality of row address means being at said predetermined logic state.
 6. In an electrically erasable programmable read only memory having an array of memory elements arranged with one of said memory elements at the intersection of each of a plurality of row lines and column lines of said array, said memory elements characterized as assuming relatively high threshold voltage states in response to a selectively applied voltage having a first predetermined polarity, and a relatively low threshold voltage state in response to a selectively applied voltage having a second predetermined polarity; a method comprising the step of:simultaneously applying to all of the memory elements of the array, alternately, the voltage having said first predetermined polarity and the voltage having said second predetermined polarity. 